Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
05193 => 0 5 1 9 3
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
0 to 5 = 5
5 to 1 = 4
1 to 9 = 8
9 to 3 = 6
3 to 0 = 3
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
5 4 8 6 3 = 54863